8-я встреча Южно- и Центрально-Азиатской сети биосферных резерватов ЮНЕСКО (САКАМ) была проведена 24-25 октября 2016 года в отеле HolidayInn(Алматы). Организаторами встречи выступили Национальная комиссия РК по делам ЮНЕСКО и ИСЕСКО, Казахстанский национальный комитет МАБ, Секретариат САКАМ (расположенный в бюро ЮНЕСКО в Нью-Дели, Индия), Научный фонд ОЭС и КазНУ им. аль-Фараби.
На встрече присутствовали около 65 участников, включая представителей стран региона САКАМ: Бангладеш (1 участник), Бутан (2), Индия (2), Иран (1), Мальдивы (3), Непал (2), Шри Ланка (2), Азербайджан (1), Кыргызстан (2), Таджикистан (1) и Узбекистан (1).
Главной темой встречи стало обсуждение биосферных резерватов в качестве моделей устойчивого развития. Участники приняли во внимание недавно разработанные глобальные соглашения, такие как Цели устойчивого развития 2030 (2030 AgendaforSustainableDevelopmentandSustainableDevelopmentGoals), Парижское соглашение по климату (ParisClimateAgreement). Основное обсуждение было посвящено документам, разработанным и принятым во время 4 Всемирного конгресса по биосферным резерватам, проходившего в марте 2016 года в городе Лима (Перу), а именно Лимскому плану действий (LimaActionPlan) на 2016-2025 гг.
В рамках встречи была проведена торжественная церемония вручения сертификата ЮНЕСКО биосферному резервату Барсакельмес, получившему этот статус в марте 2016 года.
Работа участников встречи была разделена на пять пленарных сессий, в рамках которых были представлены национальные отчеты стран-участниц САКАМ и презентации казахстанских биосферных резерватов, включая два потенциальных биосферных резервата (Каратау и Алтын-Эмель), номинационные заявки которых были поданы в этом году. Кроме того, программа встречи также включала обсуждение достижений, вызовов и перспектив развития сети САКАМ и разработку итогового документа «Рекомендации по выполнению Лимского плана действий в странах региона САКАМ».
По окончании обозначенных в программе сессий была проведена тематическая экскурсия в Казахском национальном университете им. аль-Фараби с посещением музеев университета, а также дополнительной сессией по ознакомлению с деятельностью университета в качестве глобального хаба ООН по устойчивому развитию, а также презентацией кафедры ЮНЕСКО по устойчивому развитию, после которой прошло торжественное вручение официальной копии сертификата биосферного резервата «Барсакельмес» для хранения на кафедре ЮНЕСКО по устойчивому развитию.
26 октября для участников был проведен полевой выезд в Иле-Алатауский национальный парк – потенциальный биосферный резерват ЮНЕСКО. Участники посетили музей, расположенный в главном здании национального парка, а затем выехали на его территорию в сопровождении сотрудников парка, которые рассказали о достопримечательностях парка, программах по экологическому образованию и туризму, а также ответили на вопросы участников выезда. Отдельной темой дискуссии стали реабилитационные программы, созданные для хищных птиц в специальном питомнике (Сункар), которые служат в том числе и для целей экопросвещения.
Основными документальными результатами встречи стали обновленный устав сети САКАМ и рекомендации встречи. Устав, принятый всеми присутствующими членами сети, среди прочего включал обновленную информацию об истории создания и развития сети, а также о принятии в ряды членов сети САКАМ Кыргызстана, Таджикистана и Узбекистана, с принятием Азербайджана в качестве наблюдателя. Обновленный устав будет опубликован в «Вестнике КазНУ. Серия географическая».
Рекомендации были направлены на внедрение принципов Лимского плана действий в национальные программы действий МАБ, усиление сотрудничества в пределах сети САКАМ, в том числе и через создание трастового фонда с добровольными взносами стран-участниц, более тесное сотрудничество с соответствующими кафедрами ЮНЕСКО и центрами ЮНЕСКО 2 категории. Кроме того, в качестве дополнения к обновленному уставу в рекомендациях была сформулирована процедура принятия новых членов в региональную сеть САКАМ.
THE RECOMMENDATIONS
OF THE 8th MEETING OF THE SACAM NETWORK
The 8th Meeting of the South & Central Asia MAB (SACAM) Network was organized on 24-25 October 2016 in Almaty, Kazakhstan by Kazakhstan National Commission for UNESCO and ISESCO and Kazakhstan National MAB Committee in association with SACAM Secretariat, UNESCO New Delhi, Economic Cooperation Organization Science Foundation(ECOSF) and Al-Farabi Kazakh National University. The theme of the meeting was “Biosphere Reserves and Sustainable Development”. Representatives from MAB Programme in the South and Central Asia region, including MAB National Committees and biosphere reserve (BR) managers and experts from national and international organizations attended the meeting. The aim was to discuss how to jointly promote BRs to serve as models for sustainable development, including how to better apply the Sustainability Science framework in BRs from the region and how the MAB Programme could collaborate with other UNESCO relevant scientific programmes and designated sites such as Global Geoparks and World Heritage Sites, and other internationally designated sites (e.g. RAMSAR sites).The meeting was attended by 65 participants including those from SACAM member countries; Bangladesh (1), Bhutan (2), India (2), Iran (1), Maldives (3), Nepal (2) and Sri Lanka (2). Kazakhstan host country was represented by members of National Commission for UNESCO and ISESCO and National MAB committee besides experts from universities, BRs and other institutions. Representatives from Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan attended the meeting as observers.
The meeting took note of the recent global agreements such as 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Paris Climate Agreement and Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. It also discussedthe outcome documents of the 4th World Congress of Biosphere Reserves, held in March 2016 in Lima, Peru which focused on “A New Vision for the Decade 2016-2025:UNESCO Biosphere Reserves for Sustainable Development” and aimed to assess lessons learned and new challenges to be faced by the World Network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR), as well as the Lima Action Plan (LAP) for Biosphere Reserves for 2016-2025.
The meeting discussed the progress and challenges related to BRs presented in country presentations and decided to work together to design the national MAB programmes in line with the MAB Strategy and Lima Action Plan and recommended that MAB National Committees prepare their own strategies using the MAB Strategy and LAP as the key points of reference. These should be founded in national and regional realities and imperatives to contribute to the LAP at the regional and global level. The SACAM Secretariat and UNESCO Offices in Almaty, Dhaka, Islamabad, Kabul, Kathmandu, New Delhi and Tehran with support from Regional Sciences Bureau for Asia & the Pacific, Jakarta and UNESCO Paris will provide necessary technical support to respective National MAB Committees in developing the national LAP and follow up on the implementation as and when required. ECOSF also agreed to support and facilitate ECO Member States in designing their national strategies and actions in line with LAP.
Following were the recommendations:
- SACAM Network member countries should make efforts to set up National MAB Committees and designate biosphere reserves which have none. SACAM Network Secretariat and respective UNESCO offices should provide necessary support to such efforts.
- Member countries should establish incentives and schemes to promote research, education and management of biosphere reserves and make use of these sites for education for sustainable development activities.
- Efforts should be made to create transboundary Biosphere Reserves wherever feasible. The transboundary issues were discussed as a predominant subject across the region which require continued intensive dialogue and discussion for preparation and declaration of a site as a transboundary BR. Strengthening of existing and creating new partnership and enhancing the transboundary, regional and international cooperation at different thematic and organizational levels was agreed.
- For sustaining activities of the network, it was decided to create a Biosphere Reserve fund/SACAM Trust Fund by voluntary contribution from member countries. Other sources of funding should also be explored.
- Capacity buildingprogrammes for biosphere reserve managers and other stakeholders should regularly be organized by each country. At the SACAM region level at least one such programme be organized each biennium. Best practices, success stories and lessons learnt should be documented and information disseminated.
- Network members agreed to work together, as well as individually, to raise the Visibility of the Network through appropriate branding and communication by variety of media including social media. Need to properly communicate LAP and its regional/national implementation efforts, was also stressed.
- The meeting felt the need to develop joint programmes based on identified common interests and subjects across the SACAM Network. The Network should base their planning and efforts in identifying new value and new thinking, and echoing that in one voice, to make the system transparent, accountable, and legitimate. Strengthening existing and seeking new partnerships - in particular, with regard to resource mobilization and joint / regional project development was recommended.
- The need for using existing platforms such as the ECO/ECOSF, SAARC and synchronizing with various UN programmes was stressed.
- The group reviewed a number of best practices within individual BRs and the involvement of populations in management and providing livelihood opportunities. SACAM should actively work towards engaging local communities in order to strengthen the management and governance processes by developing appropriate indicators for review of BR performance and also to promote application of traditional / indigenous knowledge in various BR planning processes. In this regard, the SACAM Network shall initiate to set-up an effective mechanism to share best practices and lessons learnt in BR management, on-the-ground implementation of LAP, stakeholders involvement, cooperation, partnership, etc. MAB Communication strategy shall be instrumental in this regard.
- The network stressed that periodic review of implementation of MAB Programme show improvement leading to conservation and sustainable development. The meeting also noted the wealth of information provided within these reports that highlight issues faced by many which could be taken note of by the MAB secretariat to be addressed.
- Closer/targeted cooperation with relevant UNESCO Chairs and UNESCO Category 2 Centers - sub-regional, regional and international levels; in particular in research areas related to MAB and sustainable development was recommended.
- The meeting discussed in detail the proposed amendments to the Statutes and agreed on the following:
12.1 The Procedure of accepting new SACAM members of new countries was decided upon and shall be as under:
- new countries to be observers for at least one SACAM Network meeting
- legal framework or National MAB Committee to be in place
12.2 The Procedure of accepting new SACAM members of new countries was decided upon and shall be as under:
Table 1. SACAM Network timeline, 2016 to 2025
| Implementation and Reporting Timeline of SACAM Network |
| 2016 to 2025: Annual Progress Report by regional and thematic networks and biannual Progress Report by Member States |
|
| Progress Report on the implementation of the MAB Strategy and LAP by the UNESCO DG to the General Conference |
|
| Annual Progress Report by regional and thematic networks and biannual progress report by Member States |
|
| Final Report and Evaluation of the Lima Action Plan 2016-2025 |